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高齡長者預防跌倒須知
「昨天隔壁老王在家摔了一跤,聽說很嚴重啊!」
「唉呦!該不會要開刀吧?!」
「送到醫院後,醫師說要開刀啊!剛遇到他女兒,說老王現在躺在病床上動彈不得呢!」
「唉,我們都這把年紀了,骨頭斷掉後再開個刀,怎麼撐得住呢!麻煩啊!你記不記得五年前,我堂姊摔倒後兩三個月就過去了…老王可是有場硬仗要面對了!」
你是否也曾經歷過類似的對話呢?根據世界衛生組織的統計,每年約有三成的六十五歲以上長者會遇上跌倒,機率可說是非常高。既然銀髮族跌倒的案例時有所聞,究竟我們該注意哪些問題,請一同關心。
老人最常發生跌傷的前二個地點:在住處內為家俱旁/浴室、淋浴間或廁所; 在住處以外為路邊(包含人行道)/有高度或坡度的地面
102年國民健康署「國民健康訪問調查」結果顯示,造成跌傷最常見的前三項活動為騎車、上下床及耕作/農事,最常見的四個部位為下肢、頭部、上肢及髖骨。另外,長者最近一次發生跌傷的地點,有56.3%發生在住處內,有43.7%發生在住處以外。在住處內最常發生跌傷的前二個地點,第一位為在家俱旁(椅子、床、沙發或其他家俱旁)23.7%,第二位為浴室、淋浴間或廁所等12.3%。在住處以外最常發生跌傷的前二個地點,第一位為路邊(包含人行道)46.2%,第二位為有高度或坡度的地面13%。因此,針對跌傷的地點及原因,健康署提出防跌三部曲,讓長輩做個快樂的不倒翁!
首部曲:規律運動不能少 遵循醫囑來用藥
1. 規律運動,定期進行加強下肢肌力、身體柔軟度和平衡的運動。
2. 遵循醫囑,規律服藥,妥適控制慢性疾病。
3. 服用多種藥物者,若出現頭暈、肌力減弱、步履不穩等狀況,需要與醫師討論以降低跌倒風險。
二部曲:居家環境要注意 照明、防滑更小心
1. 居家活動範圍維持適度照明:居家活動範圍內保持適當的亮度。如設置床邊小燈,至廁所通道設夜間壁燈,並備妥緊急備用照明。小細節提醒,要注意電燈開關處的識別亮度!
2. 平常行徑路線清除障礙物:清除動線上障礙物(雜物、家具、電線等),保持動線淨空,並在家具的尖銳處加上防撞條或泡綿。
3. 居家地板維持乾燥與防滑:地面維持乾燥,避免潮濕與光滑,長者臥室可採用木質地板,或鋪設防跌軟墊,以預防跌傷。
4. 浴廁要能防滑有扶手:浴室設置的止滑墊要鋪滿整個浴室;在馬桶及浴缸旁加裝扶手;門檻前要設止滑的腳踏墊,以吸收水滴,並降低地面與門檻的落差。小細節提醒,可在浴室內擺放不積水且防滑的椅子,讓長輩隨時使用!
5. 樓梯要裝欄杆及防滑扶手,樓梯坡度要適中,階梯面要寬闊,階梯的高度(階高)不能太高,階緣設置止滑條,且階梯面與階高面的顏色應呈對比。
三部曲:起身、外出要留意反光標誌 馬路行走不要急
1. 下床或起身動作要緩慢,先在床邊稍坐片刻,以防發生姿態性低血壓而跌倒。
2. 寒冷或陰雨天氣儘量避免外出,外出時注意穿著保暖衣物及防滑鞋、攜帶雨具、手杖、手電筒等。清晨或夜晚光線不足時,可在衣物外貼上反光標誌。
3. 慢性病人應備妥隨身藥物才出門,以免錯失服藥時間,導致急性發作。
4. 上、下車前要先確認車子已停妥,開車門前要注意來車;過馬路時,要注意燈號秒差,留些餘裕的時間,公車靠站時,亦不可倉促逼近、追趕。
5. 郊外旅遊要有家人或同伴隨行,注意踏青路線地形、天氣變化,善用手杖或登山杖,行走時要避開積水處、窪地、陡坡、雜草叢及碎石處;同時要衡量自已的體力,並預估往返所需時間,若開始覺得身體有些疲累時,即應折返。
資料來源:健康99→原文連結
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