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新冠肺炎後疫情時代的骨鬆治療
自2019年底開始,新冠肺炎COVID-19疫情肆虐全球,至今仍未見趨緩的跡象。台灣民眾在完善的防疫措施下,相較於疫情嚴重的國外,對於日常生活及醫療資源的使用影響較小。即便如此民眾仍會擔心,頻繁的進出醫院可能增加感染新冠肺炎的機會,因而延誤或是自行中斷骨質疏鬆症的藥物治療。
骨鬆髖部骨折 老年人的隱形殺手
根據國民健康署的調查顯示,骨質疏鬆症是65歲以上老人常見慢性病的第四位。近期的研究呈現台灣髖骨骨折發生率是亞洲區第一名,全世界第九名。中國醫藥大學附設醫院骨科部謝尚霖醫師指出,骨鬆髖部骨折後造成臀部的疼痛而無法移動,以致長期臥床,因此容易產生褥瘡、肺炎、尿道炎、靜脈炎、營養不良、憂鬱症等等症狀,嚴重威脅患者生命。老人髖部骨折,若未予以手術及積極治療,一年內的死亡率可能高達30~50%。因此骨鬆的預防與治療的重要性,並不亞於腦中風或是心血管疾病。
骨鬆藥物治療應至少持續一年以上 才能達到預防骨折成效
根據台灣骨鬆學會研究指出,骨鬆藥物需使用一年以上才可見到降低骨折的效果。口服骨鬆藥物例如:福善美(Alendronate)、鈣穩(Evista)等藥物,多數病人在用藥三個月後,容易因為各種原因而自行停藥。患者可能憂慮新冠肺炎疫情的緣故,中斷來院就診接續藥物治療,當藥物順從性低於50%以下,骨鬆骨折的機率與未用藥的患者是無差別的。
轉為長效型骨鬆治療針劑 減少來院就醫次數 骨鬆治療不中斷
謝尚霖醫師分析,目前第一線破骨細胞抑制劑的骨鬆治療針劑藥物有雙磷酸鹽類(bisphosphonates) 例如:一年一劑的骨力強(Aclasta)、三個月一劑的骨維壯(Bonviva),以及半年一劑的RANKL 抗體的保骼麗(prolia)。針劑藥物的特色,患者不須經常回診領藥,減少就醫次數,達到防疫目的且又能維持良好的藥物順從性,持續減少骨折的發生率。
2020年6月,正值新冠肺炎疫情相當嚴重的時期,骨科權威期刊(JBMR)發表針對COVID-19疫情期間骨鬆治療的指引。指出雙磷酸類藥物(bisphosphonates)有長期抑制破骨細胞的特性,若已經在使用例如骨力強(Aclasta)針劑藥物,施打一劑即有保護力。在疫情嚴重感染風險高的地區,若回診不易需延緩幾個月再進行下一劑的注射,對於骨質密度及骨折風險不會有影響。
然而,若使用保骼麗(prolia)半年一劑的治療者,當治療中斷,一年之內會造成骨質密度反彈式下降,且增加多節脊椎骨折的發生率。因此建議應持續保骼麗每半年的注射。若無法接受規律且不中斷的半年一劑骨鬆治療,除了腎功能不全患者,可考慮轉換成長效型一年一針的雙磷酸鹽類(bisphosphonates)藥物治療,以避免無法規律回診,反而造成的反彈性脊椎骨折。
總結來說,台灣目前防疫成效卓越,在良好的個人衛生習慣與健康管理,民眾到院就診的安全性還是很高的。持續規律藥物治療,注重鈣質與維生素D攝取,維持良好運動習慣,即使在新冠肺炎的威脅籠罩下,骨鬆預防與治療成效不會打折扣。
本文由「照護線上」授權轉載,原文出處:【新冠肺炎後疫情時代的骨鬆治療】
*「照護線上」連結至https://www.careonline.com.tw
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